LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) is a laser technology-based procedure to correct refractive errors, primarily targeting myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. This procedure reshapes the corneal curvature to focus light accurately onto the retina, significantly reducing dependence on glasses or contact lenses. The surgery is usually performed in an outpatient setting, taking approximately 15-30 minutes, suitable for patients aged 18 and above with stable refractive errors.
LASIK is mainly divided into standard and advanced techniques. The standard uses excimer laser to remove corneal tissue, while advanced methods such as "Wavefront-Guided LASIK" incorporate computer analysis for personalized correction of visual defects. The procedure involves creating a corneal flap using a microkeratome or femtosecond laser, lifting the flap for laser reshaping, and then repositioning the flap.
Suitable for patients with sufficient corneal thickness (usually ≥450 microns), normal corneal curvature, and no ocular diseases such as dry eye or keratoconus. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including assessment of refractive stability and corneal topography, is required to confirm eligibility for surgery.
The procedure uses topical anesthetic eye drops, and patients are required to fixate on a target light. Laser energy is calculated based on the refractive error, removing approximately 1 micron of tissue per diopter. The laser beam diameter is about 6-8 mm, covering the central visual area. Postoperative care includes using antibiotics and steroid eye drops for 2-4 weeks, and avoiding vigorous activities for 1 month.
Post-surgery, vision can remain stable for over 10 years, with some patients experiencing permanent improvement. Recent technological advances have also reduced the risk of postoperative dry eye, making it suitable for patients seeking convenience and active lifestyles.
Possible short-term side effects include:
Serious risks include overcorrection leading to night vision problems, or infection risks (incidence below 0.01%). Highly myopic patients may have an increased risk of corneal ectasia due to greater tissue removal.
Contraindications include:
Postoperative care requires avoiding eye rubbing, swimming, and contact with chemicals for at least 2 weeks. Persistent discomfort such as severe pain or sudden vision loss warrants immediate medical attention.
Timing of LASIK in relation to other ophthalmic procedures should be coordinated:
Potential complications related to laser treatment may interact with existing ocular conditions, requiring evaluation of interaction risks by the ophthalmologist.
FDA studies in the United States show that 95% of patients achieve uncorrected visual acuity of 0.5 or better, with 78% reaching 1.0 or better. Long-term follow-up indicates a myopia regression rate of about 5-10% within 5 years, and highly myopic patients may require enhancement procedures. International studies in 2018 confirmed that femtosecond laser technology reduces corneal flap complications to below 0.5%.
Other correction options include:
Selection of the appropriate procedure depends on corneal thickness, refractive error, and lifestyle, and should be evaluated by a qualified ophthalmologist.
Before LASIK, a comprehensive eye examination is required, including corneal thickness, refractive error, and corneal topography assessments to confirm eligibility. Patients should stop wearing contact lenses for at least 1 week and inform the doctor of any medications, dry eye symptoms, or autoimmune conditions.
How to handle dry eyes after surgery?Some patients may experience temporary dry eye symptoms due to reduced blinking. Doctors usually prescribe artificial tears to relieve discomfort; severe cases may require autologous serum eye drops or corneal protectants. It is recommended to avoid prolonged use of electronic devices and maintain indoor humidity to alleviate symptoms.
When can normal eye use resume after surgery?Most patients can regain basic vision within 24 hours, but for near work (such as reading or using smartphones), it is advisable to wait 3 days. Full adaptation to the surgical results typically takes 1 to 3 months, during which night glare or halos may occur but usually improve gradually.
Are the effects permanent? Is reoperation needed?LASIK effects are generally stable, but a small percentage of patients may experience slight regression due to ongoing myopia or corneal healing differences. Patients with preoperative myopia exceeding -8D or insufficient corneal thickness may require additional treatments such as enhancement procedures or PRK.
When can water contact or exercise be resumed after surgery?Patients should avoid direct contact with water or dust for at least 1 week post-surgery. Shampooing should be done with eye protection. Intense exercise should be delayed for 1 month, and swimming or hot tub use should wait for over 3 months to reduce infection risk and allow complete healing of the corneal wound.
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