Prednisone is a synthetic corticosteroid primarily used to regulate the immune system and reduce inflammation. This medication belongs to the glucocorticoid class and can suppress excessive immune responses, alleviating inflammatory phenomena. Common clinical applications include the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, allergic dermatitis, and other autoimmune diseases, as well as adjunct therapy in certain cancer chemotherapies.
Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators within cells and reducing tissue swelling and hyperactive immune responses. Due to its potent and broad effects, it must be used strictly according to medical instructions, avoiding self-adjustment of dosage or discontinuation to prevent rebound phenomena or steroid withdrawal symptoms.
The scientific name of this drug is "Prednisone," and it may have different brand names in various countries or pharmaceutical companies. Common brand names in Taiwan and Hong Kong include:
Prednisone is classified as a "glucocorticoid steroid," a synthetically manufactured steroid drug. These drugs mimic the natural hormone cortisol secreted by the adrenal glands, but differ in potency and half-life. According to pharmacological classification, it belongs to the second-generation glucocorticoids, with strong anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and anti-allergic effects.
Compared to natural cortisol, its anti-inflammatory effect is approximately 5-7 times greater, allowing for more rapid efficacy in treating severe inflammation or autoimmune diseases. However, long-term use carries a higher risk of side effects.
Primarily used for diseases requiring immune suppression or severe inflammation relief, including:
Additionally, this medication is used in certain hematologic diseases (such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura) and as part of chemotherapy regimens for some cancers to reduce treatment-induced inflammatory responses. Physicians may prescribe it for "off-label" indications based on individual cases, which requires strict adherence to medical guidelines.
Short-term use (1-2 weeks) may cause mild side effects such as:
Long-term use (over 3 months) may lead to serious side effects:
Patients who should use this medication cautiously or avoid it include:
Pregnant and breastfeeding women must follow medical assessment strictly: The U.S. pregnancy risk category for prednisone is Category C. Use during early pregnancy should weigh benefits against risks. During breastfeeding, it may pass into breast milk, and the potential risks to the infant should be evaluated.
Concurrent use with the following drugs may increase the risk of side effects:
When taking traditional Chinese herbal medicines or nutritional supplements, inform your doctor, such as:
Dosage is adjusted based on the severity of the condition and patient weight. Common methods include:
When taking the medication:
If a dose is missed and the missed time is within 3 hours of the scheduled dose, take it immediately and adjust the next dose accordingly; if it is close to the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and do not double the dose. For example, if the scheduled dose is at 8 a.m. and missed, take it immediately at 11 a.m.; if it is past 1 p.m., wait for the next regular dose.
For patients on long-term therapy, missing a dose for more than 24 hours may cause withdrawal reactions (such as dizziness, joint pain). Contact your physician immediately for assessment and possible medication adjustment.
Acute overdose may cause symptoms such as hypertension, palpitations, and severe anxiety. If an overdose (more than 2-3 times the recommended dose) occurs, seek medical attention immediately and bring the medication packaging. Severe symptoms may require:
Chronic overdose (long-term excessive use) may lead to central obesity, moon face, buffalo hump, and other physical changes. Re-evaluate the medication plan with your doctor and develop a gradual tapering schedule.
Does Prednisone need to be taken with food? Are there specific timing requirements for medication?
It is recommended to take prednisone during breakfast to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort. If divided doses are necessary, follow your doctor’s instructions for distributing the daily dose and try to take the medication at the same times each day to maintain consistent drug levels. Taking on an empty stomach may increase gastric mucosal irritation; if needed, take with a small amount of food.
Does long-term use of prednisone cause osteoporosis? How can it be prevented?
Long-term use of prednisone can lead to osteoporosis. Regular bone density scans are recommended. Your doctor may prescribe calcium and vitamin D supplements and encourage weight-bearing exercises. Avoid smoking and alcohol, and follow medical advice to gradually reduce the dose to lower the risk.
Can I receive vaccinations while taking prednisone? Are there vaccines I should avoid?
Receiving live vaccines (such as measles or varicella vaccines) during prednisone therapy may increase the risk of infection and should be avoided. Inactivated vaccines (such as influenza and pneumococcal vaccines) are generally safe but should be discussed with your doctor beforehand to assess safety.
What drug interactions should I be aware of when taking prednisone?
Prednisone may increase bleeding risk when combined with anticoagulants (such as warfarin) and may increase the risk of gastric ulcers when used with NSAIDs. It can also affect blood glucose levels, so diabetics should monitor blood sugar closely. Always consult your doctor before starting any prescription, over-the-counter, or herbal medications.
What are the consequences of suddenly stopping prednisone? How should the dose be tapered?
Sudden discontinuation can cause "steroid withdrawal syndrome," including fatigue, muscle pain, and potential rebound of the underlying disease. Your doctor will develop a gradual tapering plan based on the duration and dose of use, which may take several weeks to months. Do not adjust the dose on your own; regular follow-up and assessment are necessary.
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