Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker primarily used to treat cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, arrhythmias, and angina. It works by blocking calcium entry into cardiac muscle cells and vascular smooth muscle, leading to vasodilation, reduced peripheral vascular resistance, lowered blood pressure, and improved coronary blood flow.
This medication can regulate heart rhythm and is commonly used for treating arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or tachycardia. Its mechanism differs from other classes of antihypertensive drugs, giving it a unique position in treatment options, especially for patients who do not respond well to other medications.
The generic name is Verapamil. Common brand names include Isoptin, Verelan, and Calan. Different formulations (such as tablets, suspensions, or injections) may be marketed under various brand names, and specific formulations should be chosen based on a physician’s prescription.
Verapamil is classified as a "non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker." Unlike dihydropyridines such as Amlodipine, it primarily affects cardiac electrophysiology, thus having a more pronounced effect on heart rhythm.
Including:
In certain cases, it can also be used to relieve angina, especially in patients intolerant to beta-blockers. However, cardiac function should be assessed by a physician before use to avoid exacerbating heart failure risks.
May include:
Seek immediate medical attention if:
Including:
Pregnancy is classified as Category C; use during early pregnancy may affect fetal development. During breastfeeding, the risks should be evaluated. Patients with severe liver dysfunction should have dosage adjustments to prevent delayed drug metabolism.
Concurrent use with beta-blockers may excessively suppress cardiac function, leading to bradycardia. Combining with digoxin may increase toxicity risk, requiring regular blood level monitoring.
Using with statins (such as simvastatin) may increase muscle toxicity risk. Avoid taking with grapefruit juice, as it can elevate blood drug concentrations.
For adults with hypertension, the usual starting dose is 40-80 mg orally, 2-3 times daily. Patients with arrhythmias may require higher doses, which should be strictly according to a doctor’s instructions. Extended-release formulations should be swallowed whole and not chewed to maintain efficacy.
Injectable forms are for hospital use only and should be administered by trained personnel controlling infusion rates. Take medication at a fixed time, preferably with food to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort, unless specified otherwise by a pharmacist.
If a dose is missed and the next dose is within 6 hours, take it immediately and continue with the regular schedule. If close to the next dose time, skip the missed dose and do not double up to avoid toxicity.
Overdose may cause severe bradycardia, hypotension, or cardiac arrest. Seek immediate medical attention. Emergency measures include administering atropine or isoproterenol to increase heart rate; in severe cases, artificial pacemaker placement may be necessary.
Now, I will generate five frequently asked questions (FAQs) in Traditional Chinese about Verapamil, focusing on usage, side effect management, drug interactions, lifestyle considerations, and common patient concerns, ensuring they do not overlap with the main article content and meet all specified requirements.
維拉帕米需要配合飲食服用嗎？餐前或餐後服用會影響藥效嗎？
維拉帕米的服用時間取決於劑型。普通片劑建議空腹或餐後服用，但腸溶型劑則需配合餐食以提高吸收率。如服藥後出現胃部不適，可諮詢醫師調整服用時間或劑型，避免自行更改劑量。
長期使用維拉帕米會導致心悸或暈眩，該如何緩解？
心悸或暈眩可能是血壓下降或心跳過緩的徵兆，建議改變姿勢時動作放慢，避免突然站起。如症狀頻繁或嚴重，應立即停藥並聯絡醫師，可能需要調整劑量或加用其他藥物如阿托品來穩定心律。
維拉帕米與降血脂藥物（如他汀類）合併使用時需注意什麼？
維拉帕米可能增加他汀類藥物（如阿托伐他汀）的血中濃度，提升肌肉疼痛或肝功能異常的風險。醫師會根據患者肝腎功能調整劑量，並建議定期檢查肝功能。如出現肌肉痛或茶色尿，應立即停藥並通知醫師。
使用維拉帕米期間可以進行高強度運動嗎？
維拉帕米可能降低心臟收縮力，建議避免突然進行劇烈運動，尤其是心臟功能不佳者。運動前應先諮詢醫師，並從低強度活動開始，若在運動中感到胸悶或頭暈，應立即停止並測量血壓與脈搏。
懷孕或哺乳期間是否能使用維拉帕米？
目前懷孕期間使用維拉帕米的數據有限，建議第一孕期避免使用以降低胎兒畸形風險。第二、三孕期需由醫師評估必要性後使用。哺乳期間應避免使用，因藥物可能經乳汁分泌，影響嬰兒心跳或血壓穩定。
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