Minocycline is a synthetic tetracycline antibiotic primarily used to treat bacterial infections. It belongs to the broad-spectrum antibiotics class, targeting a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Common applications include acne, sexually transmitted infections (such as gonorrhea), and certain severe infections (such as brucellosis). Its features include strong tissue penetration, allowing it to exert antibacterial effects deep within tissues, making it suitable for cases where other antibiotics are ineffective.
This medication works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis to kill pathogens. It has a long-lasting effect, requiring only once-daily dosing. However, it may disrupt beneficial microbiota and should be used under medical supervision. Special populations (such as pregnant women and children) require particular caution regarding contraindications.
Brand names include: Minocycline Hydrochloride Tablets, Minocin® (may vary by country)
Scientific name: Minocycline
Minocycline belongs to the class of "Tetracycline antibiotics," which are synthetic derivatives. These drugs have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, targeting Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as certain rickettsiae and chlamydiae.
In drug classification systems, it is categorized as "Synthetic Tetracyclines," with enhanced tissue penetration and a longer half-life compared to natural tetracyclines, suitable for long-acting antimicrobial therapy.
1. Treatment of moderate to severe acne
2. Sexually transmitted infections (such as gonorrhea, syphilis)
3. Rare infections like brucellosis and plague
4. Infections resistant to other antibiotics
- Rheumatic fever or gonococcal arthritis
- Prevention of traveler's diarrhea or specific infections
- Gastrointestinal discomfort: nausea, diarrhea, heartburn
- Dry mouth or oral mucosal inflammation
- Photosensitivity: increased risk of sunburn after sun exposure
- Allergic reactions to tetracyclines
- Children under 8 years old (may affect bone development)
- Pregnant women (may cause yellowing of fetal teeth or hinder bone growth)
1. Antibiotic-associated secondary infections (such as fungal infections or Clostridium difficile colitis)
2. Nervous system side effects: cerebellar ataxia, dizziness leading to falls
3. Photosensitivity reactions: severe skin inflammation after sun exposure
- Antacids (aluminum, magnesium products): form complexes with this drug, reducing absorption
- Oral contraceptives: may decrease hormone levels
- Anticoagulants (warfarin): may enhance anticoagulant effects
- Dietary considerations: avoid taking with milk or dairy products (calcium interferes with absorption)
- Traditional Chinese medicine or herbal supplements: some components may interfere with drug metabolism
Severe infections: initial dose of 200 mg, followed by 100 mg daily
Follow the physician’s instructions for dosage adjustments; do not self-adjust the dose.
- Take on an empty stomach (1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals) to ensure absorption
- Swallow tablets whole; do not chew or break
- If the response is inadequate, the physician may adjust the dose or combine with other antibiotics
If a dose is missed on the day, take it as soon as remembered. If less than 4 hours remain before the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule. Do not double doses to make up for missed ones.
Set reminders or use a pill organizer to track medication. If doses are frequently missed, consult your doctor for more convenient dosage forms.
- Severe diarrhea, vomiting
- Nervous system abnormalities (such as seizures)
- Liver or kidney dysfunction
- Gastric lavage or activated charcoal to adsorb excess drug
- Monitor vital organ functions and provide supportive care
- Do not induce vomiting yourself; seek professional assistance
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