Spinal traction therapy is a physical treatment technique that applies external force to the spinal structure, enlarging the intervertebral space to relieve nerve compression. This non-surgical approach is primarily used to treat cervical or lumbar spine disorders, effectively reducing disc protrusion pressure on nerve roots and improving the biomechanical function of the spine. Clinically, it is commonly employed in the conservative management of chronic neck pain, sciatica, and herniated discs.
Traction therapy can be divided into "mechanical traction" and "dynamic traction." Mechanical traction uses specialized equipment to apply a constant force, usually operated by professionals in medical settings; dynamic traction employs intermittent or rhythmic forces that simulate physiological activity patterns. Its mechanisms include:
This therapy is suitable for symptoms caused by disc pathology, including radicular pain in the upper limbs due to cervical disc herniation, sciatica from lumbar disc herniation, and intermittent claudication caused by spinal stenosis. Specific conditions such as degenerative spondylolisthesis or facet joint syndrome, confirmed through imaging, may also be considered for treatment.
Parameters should be adjusted based on the patient's physique and condition: cervical traction typically applies 4-12 kg of force at an angle of 15-30 degrees, with each session lasting 15-30 minutes; lumbar traction uses 60-70% of the patient's body weight as traction force, with treatment durations extended to 20-40 minutes. Complete courses are usually scheduled 2-3 times per week, with a total of 8-12 sessions constituting one treatment cycle.
The advantages of traction therapy include its non-invasive nature and ability to directly improve the biomechanical environment of affected areas. Clinical studies show that approximately 60-75% of patients experience a reduction of more than 30% in pain VAS scores after completing the therapy. Benefits include:
Possible short-term discomfort includes muscle soreness at the traction site and localized skin pressure marks, with about 10-15% of patients experiencing transient symptom exacerbation. Rare cases may involve disc displacement or spinal instability, which could potentially worsen nerve injury. Prolonged treatment may cause changes in joint capsule extensibility, requiring careful attention.
Contraindications include spinal fractures, severe osteoporosis, spinal infections, and spinal cord injuries. Patients suspected of spinal instability or with malignant tumors should not undergo traction therapy. Prior to treatment, detailed imaging assessments are necessary. Hypertensive patients should control blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg. Avoid treatment during menstruation or acute inflammatory phases.
Traction is often combined with physical therapy modalities such as ultrasound or interferential current therapy to enhance tissue repair. When used with medication, caution is advised regarding corticosteroids, which may affect bone density, and nerve blocks, which could interfere with pain assessment. Avoid performing manipulative spinal therapy on the same day to prevent excessive tissue stretching.
Systematic reviews indicate that in patients with disc herniation, 72% show symptom improvement after 6 weeks of traction, with MRI scans revealing a reduction in disc protrusion in 55% of cases. For chronic cervical conditions, combining traction with exercise therapy results in a 23% lower recurrence rate compared to single therapies. However, long-term effects on spinal stenosis remain controversial and should be evaluated alongside decompression surgery.
Non-surgical options include bed rest on a firm mattress, nerve block injections, or selective spinal nerve root blocks. Surgical options encompass minimally invasive discectomy or spinal fusion. Physical therapy adjuncts include core strengthening and posture correction exercises. Biological agents lack clear supporting evidence at this time.
Prior to treatment, imaging examinations such as X-rays or MRI are necessary to confirm specific spinal or joint issues. The therapist will adjust traction force and angle based on the patient's weight and condition, and explain possible discomfort. Patients should avoid eating heavily 2 hours before treatment and wear loose clothing for ease of operation.
How can I relieve muscle soreness during traction?Minor soreness after treatment is normal and can be alleviated with ice or heat packs (depending on the treated area). If pain persists beyond 48 hours or worsens, contact your physician immediately to adjust the traction force or frequency. The doctor may also recommend stretching exercises or physical therapy to reduce discomfort.
Can I perform daily activities or work during treatment?It is advisable to avoid heavy lifting, prolonged sitting, or high-impact activities such as running or weightlifting during therapy to prevent affecting the treatment outcome or worsening injury. Low-intensity activities like walking or aquatic exercises are acceptable, and regular reporting of activity status to the therapist is recommended for treatment adjustments.
How is the number of sessions and total duration of traction therapy determined?The number of sessions depends on the severity of the condition. Mild disc protrusions may require 6-12 sessions, while more severe cases may need longer. Each session lasts approximately 20-40 minutes, with dynamic adjustments based on patient response. After completing the course, rehabilitation exercises are recommended to prolong the effects.
How can I prevent symptom recurrence after traction therapy?Post-treatment, it is important to strengthen core muscles, avoid poor posture, and refrain from maintaining the same position for extended periods. Regular stretching or use of supportive devices may be advised, along with semi-annual follow-ups. If symptoms recur, seek early evaluation to determine if additional treatment or lifestyle adjustments are necessary.
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