The inactivated influenza vaccine is used to prevent influenza virus infection. It involves physically or chemically treating the virus to inactivate its pathogenicity while preserving its antigenic properties.
The primary goal of this vaccine is to stimulate the human immune system to produce specific antibodies, enabling effective recognition and neutralization of live influenza viruses encountered in the future.
This vaccine is widely used for seasonal influenza prevention, especially targeting high-risk groups such as the elderly, young children, pregnant women, and patients with chronic illnesses.
The inactivated influenza vaccine belongs to passive immunity. As indicated by its name, it uses killed viruses to provoke an immune response.
The mechanism mainly includes two aspects: first, the antigens injected are recognized and processed by the immune system, leading to activation of B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes; second, these activated immune cells differentiate into memory cells, providing rapid response to potential future viral invasions.
This passive immunity characteristic allows the inactivated vaccine to provide protection in a short period, although its duration may be slightly shorter compared to live attenuated vaccines.
The inactivated influenza vaccine is primarily used to prevent infection by seasonal influenza viruses, including both type A and type B influenza viruses.
It is suitable for all individuals aged 6 months and above, especially those at higher risk of influenza complications, such as adults over 65, young children, pregnant women, patients with chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and immunocompromised individuals.
Additionally, for populations requiring long-term hospitalization or living in collective environments, the use of the inactivated vaccine is also an effective preventive measure.
The inactivated influenza vaccine is usually administered via intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, with intramuscular injection being the most common, especially in the deltoid muscle.
The standard dose is 0.5 mL, containing 15 micrograms of antigen per strain. For most adults and children, a single injection provides protection for one influenza season.
However, for children aged 6 months to 8 years, two doses may be required during the initial vaccination, spaced at least 4 weeks apart, to ensure adequate immune response.
The main advantages of the inactivated influenza vaccine include its broad applicability and good safety profile.
Furthermore, the manufacturing process of the inactivated vaccine is mature, with stable supply, capable of meeting large-scale public health demands.
Like most vaccines, the inactivated influenza vaccine may cause mild side effects, which are usually temporary and require no special treatment.
It is important to note that severe allergic reactions are rare but require immediate medical attention if they occur.
When using the inactivated influenza vaccine, healthcare providers will assess the patient’s health status to ensure safety.
Additionally, pregnant women should consult their doctor before vaccination to evaluate personal risks and benefits.
The inactivated influenza vaccine has relatively few interactions with other medications or treatments, but attention should be paid to the following:
Therefore, before vaccination, inform your healthcare provider of all medications and treatments you are using.
Multiple clinical trials and epidemiological studies confirm that the inactivated influenza vaccine effectively reduces the risk of influenza virus infection.
According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), vaccine effectiveness during flu seasons can reach 40%-60%, with more significant prevention of severe cases and hospitalizations.
Additionally, large-scale vaccination data over the years demonstrate the vaccine’s significant role in preventing influenza-related complications and mortality.
For individuals who are unsuitable for the inactivated influenza vaccine, the following alternatives can be considered:
The choice of these alternatives should be based on individual health conditions and medical advice.
Before vaccination, ensure your health is stable. If you have a fever or severe infection symptoms, delay vaccination. Also, inform your healthcare provider if you have allergies to vaccine components or other severe allergies. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult their doctor beforehand to ensure safety.
What are the possible side effects after receiving the inactivated influenza vaccine?Most people may experience mild side effects such as redness, pain, or swelling at the injection site, which usually resolve within a few days. Some may feel fatigue, headache, or mild fever, but these reactions are typically short-lived. Severe allergic reactions, such as difficulty breathing or facial swelling, require immediate medical attention.
What lifestyle precautions should I take after vaccination?Maintain good lifestyle habits, such as adequate sleep, balanced diet, and moderate exercise to boost immunity. Avoid overexertion and spicy foods to prevent affecting vaccine efficacy. Also, avoid contact with cold items within 24 hours post-vaccination to reduce discomfort at the injection site.
How effective is the inactivated influenza vaccine?The protective effect of the inactivated influenza vaccine generally begins two weeks after vaccination and can last for several months. Studies show that it effectively reduces the incidence and severity of influenza, especially providing better protection for high-risk groups like the elderly and children. Due to the variability of influenza viruses, annual vaccination is essential for optimal protection.
Can pregnant or breastfeeding women receive the inactivated influenza vaccine?Yes, pregnant and breastfeeding women can receive the inactivated influenza vaccine. In fact, healthcare providers usually recommend vaccination during pregnancy to protect both mother and baby. However, consult your doctor before vaccination to evaluate personal health conditions and understand potential risks and benefits.
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