Cephalexin is an antibiotic belonging to the β-lactam class. It is primarily used to treat infections caused by susceptible bacteria, such as abscesses, urinary tract infections, and respiratory tract infections. This medication inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, thereby killing bacteria or inhibiting their growth. It is effective against a variety of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria.
Cephalexin's scope of treatment includes skin and subcutaneous tissue infections, otitis media, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections, as well as urinary tract infections caused by specific bacteria. Its advantages include good absorption and relatively fewer side effects, making it a first-line treatment. However, it is important to note that this drug is ineffective against viral infections and should not be misused to prevent antibiotic resistance.
The generic name of this medication is Cephalexin. It may have different brand names in various countries or regions. Common trademarks include:
Cephalexin belongs to the first-generation cephalosporin antibiotics. This class of antibiotics has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria. Its chemical structure is similar to penicillins but with lower resistance, thus classified as a different category of antibiotics.
The key aspects of this classification include its mechanism of action and antibacterial spectrum. First-generation cephalosporins mainly target bacterial infections of the skin, respiratory tract, and urinary system, while later generations target a broader range of infections. Usage should be based on the type of infection and the pathogen involved.
The main indications for Cephalexin include:
Additionally, this medication is used to treat pharyngitis and cellulitis caused by streptococci. In specific cases, clinicians may expand the indications based on clinical judgment, but this should be supported by bacterial culture results and sensitivity testing.
Mild side effects include:
Serious side effects are less common but require immediate discontinuation and medical attention:
Patients who should use caution include:
Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding requires medical assessment of risks. According to FDA pregnancy categories, cephalexin is classified as Category B, but clinical use should be based on individual case judgment. Serious warnings include:
Potential interactions with the following medications:
Concurrent use of bacteriostatic antibiotics (such as tetracyclines) may reduce the efficacy of cephalexin. Alcohol consumption should be avoided during treatment, as some patients may experience a disulfiram-like reaction. Always inform your healthcare provider of any prescription or over-the-counter medications you are taking.
General adult dosage:
Pediatric doses are calculated based on body weight, typically 20-40 mg per kilogram, divided into multiple doses. Complete the full course of therapy as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to prevent resistance. Take one hour before or after meals to enhance absorption.
If a dose is missed and it has been less than 3 hours, take it as soon as possible and adjust the next dose accordingly; if it is close to the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular schedule. Do not double doses. If multiple doses are missed or medication is not taken regularly over a long period, consult your physician to assess whether the treatment plan needs adjustment.
An overdose may cause severe diarrhea, vomiting, or dizziness. Seek immediate medical attention and bring the medication packaging for assessment. Severe overdose may require gastric lavage or activated charcoal to adsorb unabsorbed drug. Hospitalization may be necessary for close monitoring in critical cases.
Is it necessary to take cephalexin on an empty stomach? Does taking it with food affect its efficacy?
Cephalexin can be taken with or without food. If gastrointestinal discomfort occurs, taking it with a small amount of food may help reduce stomach upset. Taking it with food does not significantly reduce its effectiveness, but avoid concurrent intake with high-calcium or high-iron foods (such as dairy products) to prevent absorption interference.
What should I do if I experience gastrointestinal discomfort during cephalexin treatment?
Mild diarrhea or nausea can be managed by dividing doses, reducing single doses, or switching to an enteric-coated formulation. If symptoms persist for more than 48 hours or if severe abdominal pain or bloody stools occur, discontinue medication and consult your doctor. Probiotics and a low-fiber diet may help restore gut health.
What are the effects of taking cephalexin with antacids (such as proton pump inhibitors)?
Concurrent use of antacids may reduce the absorption of cephalexin. It is recommended to take the medications 2 to 3 hours apart. If using acid-suppressing agents long-term, inform your healthcare provider to adjust the timing of administration to avoid compromising antibiotic efficacy.
How should I handle a missed dose?
If a dose is missed and less than 4 hours have passed, take it as soon as possible and resume the regular schedule. If more than 6 hours remain before the next dose, skip the missed dose and do not double the dose. Do not increase the dose to compensate for missed doses to avoid toxicity.
Are there any dietary restrictions or activities to avoid while using cephalexin?
No specific activity restrictions are necessary, but avoid excessive sun exposure during treatment, as some patients may develop photosensitivity reactions. Alcohol intake should be minimized, as it does not directly cause disulfiram-like reactions but may impair immune recovery.
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