The COVID-19 inactivated virus vaccine is a vaccine made from SARS-CoV-2 viruses that have been killed, designed to stimulate the human immune system to produce antibodies and memory cells against the virus, thereby providing protection against future infections.
The primary purpose of this vaccine is to prevent COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), especially its severe forms, hospitalization, and death.
The inactivated virus vaccine belongs to traditional vaccine types, different from other types such as mRNA vaccines or adenovirus vector vaccines. Its core mechanism involves using inactivated viral particles that cannot replicate but retain the virus's surface antigens.
When injected into the human body, the immune system recognizes these antigens and initiates an immune response, producing specific antibodies and T cells. These immune cells can respond rapidly upon encountering live SARS-CoV-2 in the future, neutralizing the virus and reducing the risk of infection.
The COVID-19 inactivated virus vaccine is mainly used to prevent COVID-19 infection, especially in high-risk groups such as the elderly, individuals with underlying health conditions, and healthcare workers.
Additionally, the vaccine is recommended for the general population to establish herd immunity and reduce the spread of the virus within the community.
Typically, the inactivated virus vaccine is administered via intramuscular injection, with a dose of 0.5 mL per injection. Usually, two doses are given, with the second booster shot typically administered 3-4 weeks after the initial dose.
The specific vaccination schedule may vary depending on the vaccine product and local health authority guidelines. It is advisable to consult a healthcare provider or follow official instructions before vaccination.
Like other vaccines, the inactivated virus vaccine may cause some side effects, most of which are mild and temporary.
Severe allergy history: contraindicated for individuals with a history of severe allergic reactions to vaccine components or previous doses
Pregnant and breastfeeding women: should consult a healthcare provider before use, weighing the risks and benefits
Immunosuppressed conditions: such as HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy, should be used under medical guidance
The inactivated virus vaccine has minimal interactions with other drugs or vaccines but should avoid concurrent use with other immunosuppressants to ensure vaccine efficacy.
Before vaccination, inform your healthcare provider of all medications and supplements being used to assess potential interactions.
Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated that the inactivated virus vaccine has high efficacy in preventing COVID-19 infection, typically over 90%.
Furthermore, the vaccine maintains a certain level of protection against various SARS-CoV-2 variants (such as Delta and Omicron), although some variants may slightly reduce vaccine effectiveness.
For individuals who are not suitable for the inactivated virus vaccine, other types of COVID-19 vaccines, such as mRNA vaccines or adenovirus vector vaccines, may be considered.
In some cases, healthcare providers may recommend specific vaccine types to achieve optimal protection.
Some people may experience mild side effects such as pain, redness, or fever at the injection site after receiving the COVID-19 inactivated virus vaccine. These symptoms usually resolve within a few days. Rest, stay hydrated, and apply warm or cold compresses to alleviate discomfort. If the fever exceeds 38.5°C or persists, seek medical attention promptly and inform the healthcare provider about the vaccination.
Why are two doses of the COVID-19 inactivated virus vaccine necessary?Two doses are administered to ensure the body produces sufficient antibodies to effectively combat the virus. The first dose initiates the immune response, while the second dose significantly boosts antibody levels and prolongs protection, providing more comprehensive and durable immunity. The interval between doses is usually 3 to 4 weeks, which helps optimize immune response.
What additional precautions should be taken after receiving the COVID-19 inactivated virus vaccine?Even after vaccination, continue following preventive measures such as wearing masks, maintaining social distancing, and practicing good hand hygiene. This is because the vaccine greatly reduces the risk of infection and severe illness but does not guarantee complete protection. Additionally, vaccine protection takes time to develop, so vigilance is still necessary in the weeks following vaccination.
Can pregnant or breastfeeding women receive the COVID-19 inactivated virus vaccine?Based on current medical research and guidelines, pregnant and breastfeeding women can receive the vaccine after consulting with a healthcare provider. Vaccination helps protect them from severe COVID-19 infection, reducing potential risks to maternal and infant health. However, it is recommended to discuss individual circumstances with a healthcare provider before vaccination to ensure safety.
How long does the protection from the COVID-19 inactivated virus vaccine last?Current studies indicate that the protective effect of the COVID-19 inactivated virus vaccine generally lasts for several months, but the exact duration varies among individuals. Over time, antibody levels may decline, and booster doses might be needed to maintain long-term immunity. Whether periodic re-vaccination is necessary in the future will depend on ongoing research into viral variants and vaccine efficacy.
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