Hydralazine (羥丁芐肼) is a direct-acting arterial vasodilator primarily used to control hypertension (high blood pressure) and related complications. This medication works by relaxing vascular smooth muscle, reducing peripheral vascular resistance, allowing blood to flow more smoothly, thereby lowering blood pressure.
In clinical practice, hydralazine is also used to treat severe hypertensive crises and manage preeclampsia or eclampsia symptoms during pregnancy. Its mechanism of action does not depend on the sympathetic nervous system, making it particularly valuable for patients who respond poorly to other antihypertensive agents.
The generic name of this drug is Hydralazine hydrochloride. Common trademark names include Apresoline®. In Taiwan and Hong Kong, this medication is usually supplied in its generic form and requires a prescription from a physician.
Hydralazine is classified as a direct arterial vasodilator and is considered a second-line treatment for hypertension. It is not a common calcium channel blocker or ACE inhibitor. Its unique mechanism of action makes it suitable for severe cases where other antihypertensive drugs are insufficient.
Primarily used to treat severe hypertension (malignant hypertension), especially in emergency situations to rapidly lower blood pressure. It is also used to manage hypertensive complications during pregnancy, such as preeclampsia or eclampsia.
In some cases, this medication is combined with other antihypertensives to enhance efficacy, such as with diuretics or β-blockers for resistant hypertension.
Serious side effects requiring immediate medical attention: difficulty breathing, chest pain, jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes), skin rash or peeling, altered consciousness.
Contraindications: Patients allergic to hydralazine, those with severe heart failure, or active peptic ulcers should not use this medication. Use during pregnancy should be cautious and only when necessary.
This drug carries a black box warning: long-term use may induce autoimmune reactions, leading to drug-induced lupus erythematosus, characterized by joint pain, fever, and positive antinuclear antibodies.
Initial doses are typically 25-50 mg taken 2-3 times daily, adjusted based on blood pressure response. In hypertensive emergencies, intravenous administration may be required.
Take after meals to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort. Do not stop medication abruptly to avoid rebound hypertension. Elderly or patients with renal impairment should use reduced doses.
If a dose is missed within 1-2 hours, take it immediately and adjust the next dose time accordingly. If close to the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume normal timing. Never double the dose to make up for a missed one.
Overdose may cause hypotension, fainting, or shock. Seek immediate medical attention, possibly requiring hospitalization and blood pressure support therapy.
Symptoms of poisoning include severe dizziness, blurred vision, and speech difficulties. Patients or caregivers should keep the medication bottle and bring it to the emergency room for reference.
Now, I will generate five frequently asked questions in Traditional Chinese about hydralazine, covering different aspects such as administration timing, side effect management, drug interactions, lifestyle adjustments, and special patient considerations. These questions will be unique, detailed, and formatted correctly with answers in HTML.
First, I will avoid questions already covered in the main article, such as basic drug definition. Then, I will focus on questions related to medication timing and diet, common side effect management, drug interactions, lifestyle adjustments, and use in special populations like pregnant women or those with comorbidities.
Each question will be distinct and comprehensive, using proper medical terminology like "氫氯噻嗪" and "β阻滯劑." Answers will be concise, 2-4 sentences, and formatted in HTML. I will verify that all questions cover different aspects—administration method, side effects, interactions, lifestyle, and special conditions—to ensure comprehensive and practical information for patients and caregivers. This will help address common concerns effectively.
服用氫氯噻嗪時，是否需要固定時間與餐食配合？
氫氯噻嗪建議在每天相同時間服用以維持藥效穩定，但具體用藥時機需遵從醫師指示。若忘記服藥，請立即補服；但若接近下次用藥時間，則跳過遺漏劑量，勿一次服用雙倍劑量。飯後服用可減少胃腸不適的風險。
氫氯噻嗪可能引起哪些常見副作用？如何緩解？
常見副作用包括頭暈、頭痛及水腫，可能因血管擴張或體液代謝改變所致。輕微症狀可透過減少鹽分攝取或增加水分代謝改善；若出現皮疹、心悸或嚴重水腫，應立即通報醫師，可能需調整劑量或併用其他藥物。
氫氯噻嗪與其他降壓藥（如β阻滯劑）合併使用時需注意什麼？
與β阻滯劑合併使用可能增強降壓效果，但需謹慎監測血壓，避免過度下降導致暈眩或休克。醫師會根據患者心臟功能及血壓控制情況調整劑量，患者應定期回診並如實報告症狀變化。
服用氫氯噻嗪期間，日常生活中應如何配合治療？
建議定期監測血壓，維持規律運動（如每日30分鐘有氧運動），並限制高鈉食物以增強藥效。若進行劇烈運動或高溫環境工作，需注意補充水分，避免因利尿作用導致脫水或電解質失衡。
氫氯噻嗪是否適合有糖尿病或腎功能異常的患者使用？
氫氯噻嗪可能影響血糖及血鈉濃度，糖尿病患者需定期監測血糖，必要時調整降血糖藥物劑量。腎功能不全者需調整劑量或選擇其他利尿劑，醫師會根據腎小球過濾率（GFR）評估安全性，患者應主動告知既往病史。
%201.svg)
Copyright © 2025 MedFrontiers. All Rights Reserved.
