Dextroamphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant primarily used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Narcolepsy. This medication enhances the neurotransmission of dopamine and norepinephrine, improving symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and sleep disturbances. Due to its potential for addiction, it must be used under strict medical supervision.
Common brand names include Adderall (a mixture of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine), Dexedrine, among others. The generic name is dextroamphetamine sulfate, available in tablet or liquid form. Different brands may have varying dosing calculations, and patients should avoid self-changing formulations or brands.
This medication is classified as a "Central Nervous System Stimulant" and is a Schedule II controlled substance (in the US). Its mechanism of action is similar to cocaine but with a longer duration, and it can only be obtained via prescription from a healthcare provider.
The primary indication is for children over 6 years old and adults with ADHD, characterized by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It is also used to treat narcolepsy to help patients stay awake. In certain cases, it may be used for short-term weight loss assistance, but this use has become less common due to addiction risks.
Mild side effects include:
These symptoms usually resolve over time; if they persist or worsen, notify your healthcare provider.
Serious side effects require immediate medical attention:
These may indicate overdose or individual intolerance.
Contraindications: Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, severe anxiety, or psychiatric disorders should not use this medication. It is classified as Category C during pregnancy and should only be used if necessary. Alcohol consumption is strictly prohibited during treatment as it may exacerbate side effects.
Black Box Warning: May induce heart attack or stroke, especially in patients with underlying heart abnormalities. Long-term use can lead to dependency; discontinuation should be gradual to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
Using with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) may cause severe hypertension; a 14-day interval is required before starting dextroamphetamine. Combining with antihypertensive medications may reduce their effectiveness. When used with anxiolytics (such as benzodiazepines), dosage adjustments may be necessary.
Avoid combining with caffeine or other stimulants, as this may worsen palpitations or insomnia. Always inform your healthcare provider of all prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal medications you are taking.
ADHD treatment typically starts with a low dose, with adults beginning at 5-10 mg once daily in the morning, with weekly increases of 5 mg. Narcolepsy patients may require 10-30 mg taken once in the morning. It should be taken one hour before meals or two hours after to ensure absorption.
Extended-release formulations should be swallowed whole and not chewed to prevent fluctuations in blood concentration. Pediatric doses should be adjusted based on weight and symptoms; splitting adult doses for children is strictly prohibited.
If a dose is missed and more than 4 hours remain until the next dose, take it immediately. If close to the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule. Do not double doses to make up for missed ones. Frequent missed doses should be discussed with your healthcare provider for possible schedule adjustments.
Symptoms of overdose include hypertension, seizures, hyperthermia, and coma. Seek immediate medical attention and bring the medication bottle for reference. Emergency measures may include dialysis, blood pressure control, and supportive care. Avoid driving or operating machinery within 48 hours of overdose.
Now, I will generate five common questions and answers about dextroamphetamine in Traditional Chinese. These questions will cover different aspects such as medication timing, side effect management, drug interactions, lifestyle advice, and discontinuation procedures. Each question will be unique and not repetitive, with concise answers of 2-4 sentences, accurate information, and proper HTML formatting.
服用去甲amphetamine時，是否需要配合特定飲食或在特定時間服用？
建議在固定時間服用以維持藥效穩定，通常建議於早晨或上午服用以避免影響夜間睡眠。空腹服用可能增加胃部不適風險，建議與輕量點心一同服用，但避免與高脂肪餐點同服，以免延遲吸收。
長期使用去甲amphetamine可能對心血管系統造成哪些影響？如何監測？
長期使用可能增加心悸、血壓升高等風險，尤其對原有心臟疾病的患者需格外注意。建議治療初期及定期回診時接受心電圖與血壓監測，醫師會根據年齡、病史調整劑量，避免長期使用過高劑量。
若同時使用抗抑鬱劑或其他精神科藥物，需特別注意哪些藥物交互作用？
與單胺氧化酶抑制劑（MAOIs）合用可能引發血壓危象，需至少停藥14天後才能開始去甲amphetamine治療。與某些抗抑鬱劑合用可能增加血清素綜合症風險，需由醫師嚴格評估劑量與監測症狀。
使用去甲amphetamine期間，如何應對常見的口乾與噁心等胃腸道不適？
輕微口乾可透過增加水分攝取緩解，噁心則建議從低劑量開始並與食物同服。若症狀持續超過一周或嚴重影響生活，應立即聯繫醫師評估劑量調整或併用止吐藥物。
停用去甲amphetamine時，是否需要漸進式減量以避免戒斷反應？
是的，突然停藥可能導致疲勞、情緒不穩或頭痛等戒斷現象。醫師通常會制定漸進式減量計畫，特別是長期使用高劑量患者，減藥週期可能持續數週至數月，需遵循醫囑避免自行調整。
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