Celecoxib (brand name: Celebrex) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, belonging to the subclass of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This medication is primarily used to relieve pain and reduce inflammatory responses, commonly applied in chronic inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Unlike traditional NSAIDs, Celecoxib targets specific inflammatory pathways, potentially reducing gastrointestinal side effects, but cardiovascular risks still need to be considered.
Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting the COX-2 enzyme, decreasing prostaglandin synthesis, thereby reducing inflammation and pain. This medication can be used alone or in combination with other analgesics, but must be strictly used according to a physician's instructions, without self-adjusting the dosage.
It belongs to the class of selective COX-2 inhibitors within NSAIDs. This category of drugs differs from traditional NSAIDs in its higher selectivity, which may reduce gastrointestinal mucosal irritation, but cardiovascular risks still require close monitoring.
In the drug classification system, Celecoxib is categorized as a "COX-2 selective inhibitor," making it more commonly used in certain patient groups (such as those with a history of gastric ulcers), but it should be prescribed after evaluating the overall health status and risks of the patient.
Primarily used to relieve pain and joint stiffness in chronic inflammatory diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally, this medication can be used for acute pain management, such as postoperative pain or dysmenorrhea. In specific cases, it may also be used to prevent intestinal polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.
Doctors may adjust the dosage based on the condition, for example, osteoarthritis patients are usually advised to take 200-400 mg daily, while acute pain may start with 100-200 mg. It is important to note that this medication is not suitable for all inflammatory or pain symptoms and should be used after professional assessment.
Severe reactions requiring immediate discontinuation and medical attention include: difficulty breathing, chest pain, sudden vision blurring, leg swelling with severe headache. Long-term use may increase the risk of heart disease or stroke; special caution is needed for patients over 65 or with a history of cardiovascular disease.
The following patients should avoid using this medication: those allergic to Celecoxib, with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding, severe heart failure, or recent coronary artery bypass surgery. This drug carries a black box warning indicating a potential increased risk of cardiovascular thrombotic events or stroke, especially with long-term or high-dose use.
Use with caution during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, as it may cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus. Therefore, women of childbearing age should use effective contraception. Patients with liver or kidney impairment should have dosage adjustments, and those with severe liver disease are contraindicated.
Certain herbal supplements (such as ginkgo biloba, vitamin E) may enhance anticoagulant effects. Alcohol consumption should be avoided or limited during treatment to prevent increased gastrointestinal irritation. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, or herbal products they are taking.
Common dosages depend on the symptoms: osteoarthritis patients are generally advised to take 200 mg twice daily; for acute pain, a single dose of 100-200 mg may be used. The medication should be swallowed whole, with or without food, but if gastrointestinal discomfort occurs, taking it after meals is recommended to alleviate symptoms.
Patients with impaired liver metabolism should reduce the dose, for example, severe liver disease patients may need to take 100 mg daily. Tablets should not be broken or chewed to ensure medication stability. When treating rheumatoid arthritis, other immunomodulatory drugs may be used in combination, and strict adherence to medical instructions is required.
If a dose is missed and more than 4 hours remain before the next scheduled dose, take it as soon as possible; if it is close to the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule. Do not double the dose to compensate for a missed one to avoid toxicity.
If doses are frequently missed, setting reminders or using a pill organizer can help remember. If missing multiple doses worsens symptoms, contact your healthcare provider promptly to evaluate whether medication adjustments are necessary.
If overdose is suspected (such as taking multiple times the recommended dose in a short period), seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms may include severe nausea, vomiting, dizziness, altered consciousness, or seizures. Overdose can cause liver or kidney dysfunction, requiring gastric lavage or activated charcoal administration.
Store this medication properly at home, out of reach of children. Those with a history of self-harm or drug abuse should take it under supervision. Even if symptoms improve after overdose, liver and kidney function tests are recommended to assess organ damage.
Is it necessary to take Celecoxib with food?
It is recommended to take Celecoxib during or immediately after meals to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort. If a dose is missed, take it as soon as possible, but if it is close to the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume normal dosing the next day to avoid doubling the dose.
What are the effects of combining Celecoxib with other painkillers or anticoagulants?
Using Celecoxib with other NSAIDs may increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Combining with anticoagulants like warfarin may enhance anticoagulant effects, increasing bleeding risk. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications, including over-the-counter drugs or supplements, before use.
How should I respond to side effects like dizziness or stomach pain?
Mild dizziness often improves as the body adjusts to the medication. If symptoms are severe, discontinue and consult a healthcare provider immediately. For stomach pain, try taking the medication after meals; if discomfort persists, dosage adjustment or alternative treatment may be necessary. Severe diarrhea or vomiting requires immediate medical attention.
What dietary restrictions should I follow during treatment?
Avoid excessive alcohol consumption, as it can increase gastrointestinal irritation. High-potassium foods (such as bananas, spinach) should be discussed with your doctor, as long-term use may affect renal potassium metabolism. Those on a low-sodium diet should also be aware of excipients in the medication.
Is long-term use safe, and should I have regular check-ups?
Patients using Celecoxib for more than one month are advised to undergo liver and kidney function tests and blood pressure monitoring every 3-6 months. If unexplained weight loss, black stools, or decreased urine output occurs, discontinue and arrange blood tests to evaluate long-term organ effects.
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