Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer originating from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the skin. If not diagnosed and treated promptly, it can metastasize to other organs, threatening life. According to statistics, the incidence of melanoma continues to rise globally, closely related to increased ultraviolet (UV) exposure and genetic factors. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to improving cure rates, making public awareness crucial.
Melanoma lesions typically appear on the skin surface but can also occur in the eyes, mucous membranes, or internal organs. Its progression can be rapid, but early detection often allows for curative surgical removal. Recent advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapy have provided more treatment options for advanced cases. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and diagnostic methods helps the public take timely action.
The etiology of melanoma is complex, involving interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays is the primary environmental trigger, particularly UVA and UVB wavelengths that damage DNA and induce mutations in melanocytes. Clinical studies indicate that a single severe sunburn (especially during childhood or adolescence) significantly increases risk, while repeated exposure exacerbates it.
Genetic predisposition plays a critical role in about 10% of cases, with mutations in genes such as CDKN2A and BRAF associated with family history. Additionally, immunosuppressed individuals (e.g., post-organ transplantation using immunosuppressants) or those with certain hereditary syndromes (e.g., xeroderma pigmentosum) have higher risks. Other risk factors include:
Symptoms of melanoma usually manifest as skin lesions, with common features including:
%201.svg)
Copyright © 2025 MedFrontiers. All Rights Reserved.
