Haloperidol is a potent antipsychotic medication primarily used to treat schizophrenia, manic episodes in bipolar disorder, and severe anxiety or agitation symptoms. It belongs to the class of typical antipsychotics (first-generation antipsychotics), exerting its therapeutic effects by blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the central nervous system. Common formulations include oral tablets, oral suspensions, and intramuscular injections, suitable for adults and children over 12 years old.
The generic name of Haloperidol is Haloperidol, with the main brand name being Haldol. However, other trademarks may exist in different regions. The formulation varies by manufacturer, so it is important to verify that the active ingredient on the medication label is Haloperidol before use.
Haloperidol is classified as a butyrophenone antipsychotic, belonging to the class of typical antipsychotics. Compared to atypical antipsychotics, it has lower selectivity for dopamine receptors, which may increase the risk of certain side effects but offers more pronounced control over positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.
The primary indications include:
In specific medical contexts, Haloperidol may also be used for short-term sedation post-surgery or as an antiemetic for chemotherapy-induced nausea. However, long-term use may lead to irreversible side effects.
Include:
Seek immediate medical attention if experiencing:
Other serious risks include QT interval prolongation (which may induce arrhythmias) and hyperprolactinemia-related physiological changes.
Include:
Pregnancy and Lactation: Classified as Category C by the FDA, use during pregnancy should be carefully evaluated by a healthcare provider. Mothers who are breastfeeding should temporarily discontinue breastfeeding, as the drug may be excreted into breast milk. Use during pregnancy should be based on a risk-benefit assessment by a physician.
Using Haloperidol in combination with the following medications may increase risks:
Avoid combining with drugs that prolong the QT interval (such as certain antiarrhythmics), and inform your healthcare provider about any herbal medicines or supplements you are taking (such as St. John’s Wort).
Initial doses are typically 5-10 mg per day divided into multiple doses, adjusted according to the severity of symptoms. Higher doses may be required for manic episodes, while elderly patients or those with renal impairment should receive reduced doses. Injectable forms are used only for acute symptoms or patients unable to take oral medication, administered by healthcare professionals.
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as possible. If it is close to the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses to make up for missed ones, to avoid toxicity.
An overdose may cause coma, respiratory depression, or severe arrhythmias. Seek immediate medical attention and bring the medication bottle for reference. Emergency measures include gastric lavage, ECG monitoring, and administration of antagonists (such as benzodiazepines to relieve muscle rigidity).
Good, the user needs a FAQ with 5 questions written in Traditional Chinese about Haloperidol (氟哌啶醇), following specific formatting requirements. All content must be in Traditional Chinese, and disease names should be correctly translated as “精神分裂症” or “躁鬱症” where applicable. The questions should focus on medication guidance, side effect management, drug interactions, lifestyle advice, and common patient concerns. The questions should not be basic, such as “What is Haloperidol?”, as the main article already covers that. Instead, they should be practical and specific.
服用氟哌啶醇期間如果需要進行手術，需注意哪些事項？
在手術前應提前告知醫療團隊正在使用氟哌啶醇，因該藥可能影響麻醉藥物代謝或增加低血壓風險。醫師可能需要調整劑量或暫停使用，以避免手術中或術後出現不適反應。
氟哌哶醇可能引起哪些長效副作用？如何判斷需緊急就醫？
長期使用可能導致「遲發性運動障礙」，表現為不自主顫動或扭曲動作，若出現此症狀應盡快就醫評估。若出現高燒、肌肉僵硬、意識混亂等「神經阻滯藥物惡性症候群」跡象，需立即送醫處理。
服用氟哌哶醇期間能否同時使用抗暈船藥或感冒藥？
部分抗暈船藥（如美克洛嗪）或含抗組織胺成分的感冒藥，可能增強氟哌哶醇的嗜睡或低血壓副作用。使用前應先諮詢醫師，避免自行合併使用中樞神經抑制類藥物。
氟哌哶醇的劑量需要根據年齡或肝腎功能調整嗎？
是的，老年人或肝腎功能不全患者可能需要減量，因代謝速度較慢易引發蓄積中毒。醫師會根據肝腎功能檢查結果調整劑量，患者應定期回診追蹤生理指標變化。
藥物儲存條件對氟哌哶醇的藥效有什麼影響？
氟哌哶醇需存放於陰涼處（溫度25°C以下），避免溼氣或陽光直射，否則可能影響藥物穩定性。開啟後請標註日期，一般膠囊或錠劑保存期限為6個月內，液態劑型則更短，過期後不可使用。
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