Finasteride

Medication Overview

Finasteride is a prescription medication specifically used to treat male pattern baldness and benign prostatic hyperplasia. This drug primarily works by inhibiting the activity of 5α-reductase, reducing the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), thereby slowing hair loss and reducing prostate size. It is widely used in adult men, but due to potential effects on unborn male fetuses, women are strictly prohibited from handling it.

The therapeutic effects of finasteride are reversible; hair loss may resume once the medication is discontinued. Patients should use it under medical supervision and undergo regular health assessments to ensure efficacy and safety.

Brand Names and Scientific Name

The scientific name of this medication is "Finasteride." Common brand names include "Propecia" (1 mg dose) and "Proscar" (5 mg dose). Different dosages are used for different indications: 1 mg mainly for hair loss treatment, and 5 mg for prostate enlargement.

Drug Classification

Finasteride is classified as a "5α-reductase inhibitor," belonging to the category of androgen metabolism modulators. Unlike other classes such as alpha-blockers, it primarily reduces dihydrotestosterone levels through a chemical pathway.

Indications

The main indications include:

• Male pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia)
• Urinary difficulties caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia

In hair loss treatment, it can enhance the hair growth cycle and may restore some hair density.

In the treatment of prostate conditions, finasteride can reduce prostate volume and improve symptoms such as nocturia and difficulty urinating. Some studies also explore its potential in prostate cancer prevention, but use should be evaluated by a physician.

Common Side Effects

Common mild side effects include:

• Decreased libido
• Ejaculatory dysfunction
• Breast swelling or tenderness

About 5-10% of patients may experience these short-term symptoms, which typically diminish with continued use.

Serious but rare side effects include:

• Persistent sexual dysfunction
• Increased risk of male breast cancer (extremely rare cases)
• Allergic reactions such as rash or difficulty breathing

If any of these severe symptoms occur, discontinue medication immediately and seek medical attention.

Warnings and Precautions

This medication is strictly prohibited for women because contact with male excretions may cause external genital abnormalities in female fetuses. Breastfeeding women should also avoid contact with tablets or excretions.

Contraindications include:

• Allergy to finasteride components
• Pregnant or potentially pregnant women
• Males under 18 years old (due to unclear developmental risks)

Regular prostate cancer screening is recommended during treatment.

Drug Interactions

Finasteride may interact with the following substances:

• Steroid or hormonal therapy drugs
• Certain herbal supplements (e.g., saw palmetto)

Combining with alpha-blockers can enhance the improvement of prostate symptoms.

Dosage and Administration

For hair loss, typically 1 mg orally once daily; for prostate enlargement, 5 mg daily. Tablets should be swallowed whole, not split or chewed, and taken at a fixed time to maintain stable drug levels.

Dosage adjustments should be evaluated by a physician, especially in cases of liver or kidney impairment. Therapeutic effects usually appear after 3-6 months, and continuous use is necessary to maintain benefits.

Missed Dose Management

If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered; if close to the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule. Do not double doses to make up for missed ones.

Overdose Management

An overdose may cause acute gastrointestinal discomfort or exacerbation of sexual side effects. If overdose is suspected, seek immediate medical attention and bring the medication container. Treatment may include gastric lavage or activated charcoal, as assessed by healthcare professionals.

 

Frequently Asked Questions

Will hair that regrows after stopping finasteride fall out again?

Yes, hair may gradually fall out after discontinuation. Finasteride needs to be taken continuously to inhibit 5α-reductase; stopping the medication causes the effect to diminish, and the hair loss mechanism may reactivate. To maintain results, follow your doctor’s instructions for ongoing use and regular follow-up assessments.

Is it safe to use other hair growth products (such as minoxidil) while taking finasteride?

Generally safe, and may enhance effects. However, some patients might experience increased local irritation. It is advisable to consult a doctor first, adjust dosages or application order, and monitor skin reactions closely.

Can finasteride affect sexual function? What should I do if I experience related symptoms?

About 1-2% of patients may experience decreased libido or erectile dysfunction, but these symptoms are usually reversible. If symptoms persist, stop the medication immediately and consult a healthcare provider. The doctor may adjust the treatment plan or recommend other supportive therapies.

Do I need regular liver function or blood pressure checks while taking finasteride?

Current clinical guidelines do not mandate routine blood tests. However, if you develop jaundice, extreme fatigue, or have a history of liver disease, discuss monitoring frequency with your doctor. Patients with hypertension should note that this medication does not directly affect blood pressure control.

Can finasteride be combined with steroids or anti-androgen drugs?

Caution is advised. Combining with oral steroids may reduce effectiveness, and with anti-androgens (such as certain cancer therapies) may increase hormone-related side effects. Always inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking to avoid interactions.